What types of batteries are used in handheld power tools? How can you protect your power tool battery from capacity loss and damage? What is the correct way to charge a power tool battery? Which batteries need to be fully discharged before charging? Can you use a power tool immediately after purchase, or does the battery need to be charged first?
In recent years, cordless power tools, both for hobbyists and professionals, have become very popular. They offer numerous advantages, and their quality is high. However, unlike traditional electric tools, batteries require special attention. Ensuring the battery is charged and maintaining its health are essential for the tool’s longevity.
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Proper battery care is equally important for both budget-friendly hobby tools and professional-grade tools. For hobby tools, replacing a damaged battery is often not cost-effective. In contrast, professional tools have better-protected, higher-quality, and more durable batteries, but they face demanding usage conditions. Replacing batteries in professional tools is feasible but can be quite expensive.
Types of Batteries in Cordless Power Tools
Today, most handheld power tools are equipped with lithium-ion batteries, similar to those in mobile phones. These batteries are very high-quality and durable. However, there are other types of batteries that can be found in power tools:
- Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-CD) Batteries: These require more attention due to the “memory effect.” If not fully discharged, they “forget” their nominal capacity, significantly reducing their usable capacity. Always discharge and charge these batteries fully. If storing the tool for a long period, ensure the battery is fully charged.
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) Batteries: These do not suffer from the memory effect and can be recharged during use before they are fully discharged. It is recommended to fully charge the battery before the first use.
- Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Batteries: These are the most common and reliable solution. They don’t have a memory problem and can be recharged before being fully discharged. They usually come half-charged and don’t require a full charge before the first use. When storing tools for long periods, Li-Ion batteries self-discharge slowly, keeping the tool ready for use.
Common Rules for All Battery Types
Regardless of the battery type, some general rules apply to extend their lifespan. The biggest enemy of any battery, including lithium-ion, is temperature. Professional tools have better-protected batteries, but caution is still needed under heavy loads.
For hobby tools, be especially cautious during prolonged use and check for overheating. If a battery is hot and nearly empty, avoid charging it immediately; let it cool down first. Hobby tool chargers often lack fans or protective features for the battery.
Most batteries today have a nominal lifespan of about 1,000 to 1,500 charge cycles, equating to years of use even if fully charged and discharged daily. Following basic guidelines to avoid overloading the battery is crucial. Each product comes with a detailed user manual where you can find specific information about that tool.
By adhering to these practices, you can ensure your power tool batteries remain in optimal condition for years.
Photo: Freepik, Metabo