Similar to copper or brass, Corten steel develops a corrosion film on its surface that protects the metal from further deterioration. This characteristic not only gives the material a distinctive appearance but also simplifies anti-corrosion procedures and subsequent maintenance.
Introduction to Corten Steel
In the realm of construction materials and finishing materials in construction, most topics have been extensively discussed. However, in recent years, one topic that has gained traction is Corten steel, which is becoming increasingly popular in architecture, construction, as well as decoration, design, and art.
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Corten steel is a special type of steel that develops a corrosion on its surface over time, resulting in a recognizable reddish hue. This corrosion is similar to that which occurs on the surfaces of copper, silver, or brass. Essentially, it is corrosion that forms a film on the steel surface, preventing the passage of water and oxygen, thereby halting further metal degradation.
The name “Corten” originates from the trademarked name Cor-Ten of the American company U.S. Steel, one of the manufacturers of this material. These steel properties, which would otherwise be susceptible to permanent corrosion, are achieved by adding alloying elements such as phosphorus, copper, nickel, and chromium. Therefore, it is not a traditional stainless steel that retains a silver metallic surface but rather a steel that acquires a reddish patina identical to the classic corrosion of steel, which then stabilizes.
Applications of Corten Steel
While Corten steel may not be one of the most popular materials today, it certainly finds applications. It is often used in various constructions such as bridges. Its advantage lies in the fact that it does not require corrosion protection, nor does it require maintenance during use.
However, it should be noted that Corten steel does not tolerate salts of any kind well, which significantly limits its use. Therefore, it is not a suitable solution in coastal areas where there is a high concentration of salt. Additionally, Corten steel bridges are not constructed in regions where salt is used for winter road de-icing.
Nevertheless, its aesthetic application in construction is far more interesting than its structural use. Fences, facade elements, and even complete load-bearing structures can be made from this material. Careful use of Corten steel in construction, as well as in finishing construction works, yields very durable forms with a specific industrial look. However, some drawbacks and limitations of Corten steel should be considered. One disadvantage is that special, rather than standard, welding procedures are used for its joining.
Also, during the initial phase of corrosion while the protective film is still forming, iron oxide may wash off the surface of this material, which can stain other parts of the structure. For example, red streaks may appear on walls beneath a Corten steel fence. Over time, this process slows down and eventually stops, but this occurrence should be kept in mind.
If Corten steel elements are installed indoors, this will not be a problem. However, if they are used, for example, for outdoor fences or facade elements, this issue needs to be addressed preemptively through design, such as planned drainage of dissolved oxidation to prevent staining on the structure.
Today, Corten steel is becoming increasingly popular among designers and architects due to its natural appearance that evolves over time and gradually acquires a patina. Corten steel blends seamlessly with exteriors and interiors designed in retro, rustic, or industrial styles. Additionally, it can be an excellent complement and create a perfect contrast in modern-style buildings.